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Datum: Donderdag 13 januari 2005
Betreft: BACK TO BASICS Kenmerk: 200501132JHLH Dear Elizabeth,
Ik vervolg mijn brief van vanmiddag.
15.40 Brief Eén voor allen
verzonden. De geschiedenis van alle Britse koningen heb ik opgeslagen
in mijn genealogiefile. Hiermee ben ik op 5 augustus 1996 begonnen
in Windsor
Castle na onze rondleiding door St.
George's Chapel door Lady
Spencer. Hieronder het verhaal van Henry
II en zijn kinderen.
1. HENRY
II (Curtmantel) King of England, M
Birth: 1133
Death: 1189, leeftijd: 56
Burial: Fontevraud
Occ: King of England 1154-1189
Vader: GEOFFREY,
M (1113-1151)
Moeder: MATILDA,
V (1101-1167)
Henry II has been described as
'one of the most remarkable characters in English history'. He
ruled an empire greater than that of any English king before him
- England, Wales, Ireland, Normandy, Anjou, Brittany and Aquitaine.
Far more significant than this, he overwhelmed his contemporaries
with the sheer force and brilliance of his temperament and talents.
He was a figure of European stature, comparable in prestige to
the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. His wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine,
was one of the most powerful and dynamic women of all medieval
Europe. Their children and grand-children became kings and queens
of most countries between England and the Holy Land. Henry was
a man of splendid physique, who was ceaselessly active and dazzlingly
versatile. He loved war, hunting, law, letters, art and architecture.
His rages terrified people, his impetuosity exasperated them.
The explosive force of his will both awed his subjects and compelled
them to follow him. The most significant and lasting of Henry's
works was his reconstruction of the English legal system. Laws
and lawcourts, policing and legal procedures, all took strides
forward under his fierce urging, and government became concerned,
far more than ever before, with maintaining good order throughout
the realm. It was Henry's quarrels which impressed contemporaries
more than his keeping of the peace. The most famous quarrel of
all was that with his Chancellor, Thomas Becket. At it's simplest
it was a clash of two indomitable wills, who were too close to
each other to live comfortably together. But there were also great
issues of principle at stake in the conflict between the rights
of the Church and the powers of the State. Henry had Becket murdered
in his own cathedral in 1170. Later came quarrels with Queen Eleanor,
and with his own sons, so that Henry's last days were spent in
vivious civil war which threatened to bring the whole of his vast
empire down in ruins. Only his own death frustrated the collapse.
Echtgen.: Eleanor
of Aquitaine, V
Birth: 1122
Death: 1204, leeftijd: 79
Kinderen: JOHN
I (Lackland), M (1166-1216)
HENRY,
M (1155-1183)
RICHARD
I "The Lion-Heart", M (1157-1199)
GEOFFREY,
M (1158-1186)
MATILDA,
V (1156-1189)
1.1a JOHN
I (Lackland) King*, M
Birth: 1166
Death: 1216, leeftijd: 50
Burial: Worcester
Occ: King of England 1199-1216
It fell to Richard's only surviving
brother, John, to meet the series of internal upheavals and external
assaults which, almost inevitably, assailed the unmanageably vast
empire of Henry II. He faced these challenges with indomitable
vigour and much ability, but fought a losing battle and died in
the shadow of failure. In John's attempt to maintain his position,
he rode roughshod over the Church and many of the nobility. His
clash with the clergy caused England to be placed under Papal
interdict between 1208 and 1214, and involved John in excommunication
from 1209 to 1213. Subsequentely, however, the Pope became John's
closest ally. A rebellious faction of the nobility forced John
in 1215 to concede at Runnymede, near Windsor, a list of privileges
which has achieved almost legendary status as Magna Carta. 'The
cornerstone of English liberties' was how subsequent generations
came to see it, though the fact of the King's being forced to
make concessions was more important than the concessions themselves.
Echtgen.: Isabelle
of Angoulême, V
Birth: 1188
Death: 1246, leeftijd: 58
Kinderen: HENRY
III, M (1207-1272)
RICHARD,
M (1209-1272)
JOAN,
V (1210-1238)
ISABEL,
V (1214-1241)
ELEANOR,
V (1215-1275)
Andere echtgenoten: Hadwiga of
Gloucester
1.1b JOHN
I (Lackland), King
(Zie boven)
Echtgen.: Hadwiga
of Gloucester, V
Andere echtgenote: Isabelle
of Angoulême
1.2 HENRY,
M
Birth: 1155
Death: 1183, leeftijd: 28
Echtgen.: Margaret
of France, V
Death: 1198
1.3 RICHARD
I "The Lion-Heart", King (1157-1199)
Birth: 1157
Death: 1199, leeftijd: 42
Burial: Fontevraud
Occ: King of England 1189-1199
Crowned Westminster. 'Few English
kings', writes Christopher
Brooke, 'have played so small a part
in the affairs of England and so large a part in the affairs of
Europe as Richard I. 'Richard was the complete cosmopolitan military
adventurer - tough, glamorous, a brilliant general and a restless
wanderer. As a king of England he was a disaster. He spent only
two short spells in the country, one of three months and one of
two; otherwise, he was campaigning in France, Sicily and Palestine,
where in 1191 he fought his way to within twelve miles of Jerusalem.
England paid for his exploits and paid again in 1192, when he
was captured at Vienna on his way back from the Crusade. He died
of a wound, sustained largely through carelessness, in 1199. He
was a homosexual and left no son.
Echtgen.: Berengaria
of Navarre, V
Birth: 1163
Death: 1230, leeftijd: 67
1.4 GEOFFREY,
M
Birth: 1158
Death: 1186, leeftijd: 28
Echtgen.: Constance
of Brittany, V
Death: 1201
Kinderen: ARTHUR,
M (1187-1203), ELEANOR,
V (1184-1241)
1.5 MATILDA,
V
Birth: 1156
Death: 1189, leeftijd: 33
Echtgen.: Henry
the Lion Duke, M
Death: 1195
Occ: Duke of Saxony
Kinderen: OTTO IV, M (-1212)
18.42 Harry heeft de hele wereld in opschudding
gebracht met zijn hakenkruis.
J.L. VAN DER HEYDEN
Het EERSTE
PAARSE KABINET van het KONINKRIJK
DER NEDERLANDEN.
Voorste rij van links naar rechts Minister
van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschappen JO
RITZEN, Minister
van Buitenlandse zaken HANS
VAN MIERLO, Minister-President
WIM
KOK, Oprichter Instituto
Cervantes JOHN
VAN DER HEYDEN,
Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken en Vice Premier HANS DIJKSTAL, Minister van Justitie WINNIE
SORGDRAGER, Minister
van Financiën GERRIT
ZALM. Achterste
rij van links naar rechts Minister van Volksgezondheid en Sport
ELS
BORST, Minister
van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer en Visserij JOZIAS VAN AARTSEN, Minister van Verkeer en Waterstaat ANNEMARIE
JORRITSMA, Minister
van Defensie JORIS
VOORHOEVE, Minister
van Economische Zaken HANS
WIJERS, Minister
van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid AD MELKERT en Minister van Ontwikkelingswerk
JAN PRONK.
HENRY
CHARLES ALBERT DAVID
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